My Experience With Learning Styles - 979 Words

Learning Styles At the beginning of the semester an assignment was given out in regards to assessing your learning styles. Upon doing the assignment I felt that I already knew the results I would obtain due to the fact that I did the same assignment my sophomore year of college. I was totally surprised with my results because they showed that I am becoming a more balanced learner. In previous assignments the results would usually show that I am more of one type of learner than another. My learning styles reflected that I am an active, sensory, visual and global learner. Knowing this aided in my success in this class as well as others because I started to apply this information into how I prepared or retained information for classes. Due to the fact that I am a visual learner the PowerPoints were of great use to me. I was able to look at them during lectures and they were available to me during my study sessions at home. When going home and re reading the assigned pages I was able to narrow down the information in which I was given in the book. A hindrance for me this semester was the lecture style of the class. Despite the fact that I am only a one on the active scale I am a very active learner. I have noticed that I do not thrive in lecture styles classes. To cope with this I started to participate more in group discussions and answering questions. The case study discussions also aided in my comprehension of the material given. I also enjoyed the fact that guidelines areShow MoreRelatedMy Experience With An Aural Learning Style864 Words   |  4 PagesAfter taking the VARK Test, I was assessed as having an aural learning style overall, and somewhat of a visual style as well. With the Myers-Brigg Test, I was On the Multiple Intelligence Survey my three highest scores were in Verbal/Linguistic, Musical/Rhythmic, and Bodily/Kinesthetic. I was not surprised by any of these results and I have the perfect example to explain why these styles fit me so well. I learn best by hearing and listening. I have always been this way, and I am very music mindedRead MoreKolb s Cycle Of Experiential Learning1400 Words   |  6 PagesExperiential Learning I have always believed that we learn by our own experiences. I think that this belief that I have lived by is why I was so intrigued by this particular learning theory. I will be discussing Kolb’s Cycle of Experiential Learning. I will explain the definition of this particular type of learning style and how it explains how as an individual one learns. I will be describing the four different stages of Kolb’s learning cycle and Kolb’s four different learning styles. I will alsoRead MoreLearning Style for Student Nurses1522 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding learning styles for student nurses. I will also be focusing on the learning cycle and learning style using the Honey and Mumford 80 questionnaire. I look into the details of how learning style helps students to understand the importance of recognising one’s learning style preference. I will also provide an understanding of learning and learning theories and discuss my own dominant learning style and how I aim to deal with my weaknesses to progress well in the nursing programme. Learning is definedRead MoreAn Appeal For Accommodating A Variety Of Learning Styles1412 Words   |  6 PagesAccommodating a Variety of Learning Styles in Workplace Training†, was prepared to analyze and discuss learning styles as they are present in workplace training materials and routines. Additionally, the report will endeavour to discuss the efficacy of integrating learning styles into educational materials. The report presents and utilizes Neil Fleming’s VARK model of learning styles as a basis for the discussion. In an attempt to present a case for extending the inclusion of learning styles in educational materialsRead MoreWhat Does It Affect My Personal Learning?912 Words   |  4 Pagesour experience of life, learning matters. Recently, I have begun to look at the idea of learning in a new way, thanks to the work of many researchers who sought to understand how the human mind learns. In this paper, I will focus on one particular learning model that was pre sented by Neal Fleming and discuss how it affects my personal learning. In Fleming s model, sometimes referred to as VARK learning styles, learners are identified by whether they have a preference for visual learning (picturesRead MoreLearning Styles And The Learning1679 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the researchers, the experiential learning is the best way to teach the students. They said that the knowledge process is made with the help of transformation and the series of experiences (Peter, 2010). Later on, the researchers showed that the learning styles is the collection of the characteristics, the ways of gathering information, organizing information and thinking about the information. It is an examined fact that the people’s learning style includes all the things they know, actsRead MoreLearning Style Assiginment Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment  for  Success  in  Business   Assignment  1   500  words  in  which  I  analyse  my  own  learning  style                                                                                 Student  ID:  14030592   Name:  Kabir  Ali   Tutor:  Katy  Roberts      2   Table  of  Contents      1.  Introduction Page  3      2.  Learning  Style  Analysis Page  3      3.  Conclusion Page  5      4.  References Page  7      5.  Appendices Page  8      3   1.  Introduction      From  an  early  age  I  found  learning  hard  and  in  my  early  educational  years  I   noticed  I  would  stop  paying  attention  in  class  when  I  lost  interestRead MorePRS Coursework 11224 Words   |  5 Pagespaper aims at analyzing my learning experience in the Personal and Research Skills module and how these experiences are likely to help both my post graduate study at The Robert Gordon University and my future career. During my post graduate studies at The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Personal and Research Skills was one of the four modules I took in the first semester. This module invoked a mixed feeling of anxiety and eagerness to learn more about effective learning skills, critical thinkingRead MoreLearning Styles and Student Nurses1240 Words   |  5 PagesLearning can be defined as the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through experience, independent or collaborative study, and teachings under guided instruction (Fisher Frey, 2008). One of the most efficient processes of learning that promotes progressive knowledge and skill development is a process that focusses on learning styles (Weaver, 2010). √ The key term ‘learning style’ can be described as the preferential mode a learner adopts whenRead MoreVark Learning Styles899 Words   |  4 Pagesone has a mix of learning styles; some people may find that they ha ve a dominant style of learning, with far less use of other styles in different circumstances. There is neither right or wrong style nor your style is fixed, you can develop your less dominant style and make improvement in your dominant ones. Your learning styles have more influence on your learning than you know it, they guide the way you learn. They also change the way you retain information and perceive experiences internally (Overview

Elder Abuse And Child Abuse - 1182 Words

(1) There are several interesting issues that the documentary addresses. One of them being the suggestion that our understanding of elder abuse lies decades behind that of child abuse. Edwin Walker states that, in the field of elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation, we are 40 years behind that of Child Protective Services (Npt, 2017). Also, elder abuse is underreported. Apparently, it is estimated that one in ten adults over the age of 60 is a victim and that â€Å"there are over five million elder abuse victims in the U.S, which is more than the combined total of child abuse victims and domestic violence victims† (2017). But of course, there is no way to be 100 percent sure of the actual numbers of older adults being abused. Furthermore,†¦show more content†¦Other at-risk groups include people who are socially isolated and people with mental impairments or dementia. While protecting the victim is of the utmost importance, it is vital to not forget the abuser because they are affected as well. Since most abuse happens at home by family members, that is who I am referring to as the abuser. The stresses of caregiving can be overwhelming. While elder abuse is never an acceptable response to any problem, no matter how stressful, many people who are thrust into the role of caregiving can find themselves ill-equipped for it. At its most innocent stage, a caregiver s unintentional failure to provide proper care and support because of a lack of understanding or lack of skills is abusive behavior that can threaten the safety and well-being of the older adult, but instead of them being penalized it may be more productive to educate them. (3) A challenge that seems to be prevalent in elder abuse is that it flies under the radar. A lack of awareness and preparation appears to be the culprit, so the abuse may be missed by people who are able to help because they did not know what to look for, or how to intervene. Therefore, I thought it was a good idea to give law enforcement agencies a seminar on abuse against older adults and the implementation of the app for officers who are not able to take a class since they are usually the first responders in an abuse case. Also, the ideaShow MoreRelatedElder And Child Abuse : Children And The Elderly Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages Elder and Child Abuse Trina Gaston Lurleen B Wallace-ADN Program Mrs. Joy Butler Mental Health Clinical Instructors September 21, 2016 Elder and Child Abuse Children and the elderly are a dependent demographic. Their dependence on their caregivers for sustenance makes them vulnerable to abuse. Abuse can manifest in two forms physical and non-physical abuse. While the victims of aggressive attacks are easily identifiable leading to appropriate actions taken against the culprits,Read MoreA Nurse s Role On Abuse : Child, Domestic And Elder2184 Words   |  9 PagesNurse’s Role in Abuse: Child, Domestic and Elder In the healthcare field, nurses play a vital role in identifying and reporting suspected cases of abuse. Because nurses are the first to see patients and their families and they often spend the most time with them, nurses have more opportunity to suspect or identify abuse. Due to this fact, nurses need to be prepared clinically to address all forms of abuse. There are three forms of abuse that nurses may encounter, including child abuse, domestic violenceRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Domestic Violence Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I will be addressing the correlation that is between substance abuse and domestic violence. There are many factors that play a role in why domestic violence occurs in a home; this paper will be focusing on the factor of drug abuse in particularly. Early on in the course we learned that domestic violence does not only pertain to intimate partner violence but also to child abuse, elder abuse, and any other abuse of a person that occurs with ins ide the home. I will be providing researchRead MoreChild Abuse And Spousal Abuse828 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically child abuse and spousal abuse. A term that is not heard often is elder abuse, which is unfortunate due to the fact that it is a fairly common occurrence. It was estimated that in 2009, one in ten elderly Americans were victims of elder abuse within the previous year (Acierno, 2010). Even though elder abuse is prevalent here in America, it is seldom that this phenomenon is actually discussed. According to the National Center on Elder Abuse, there are seven types of elder abuse: physicalRead MoreIs Patient Abuse Or Neglect Of Individuals Who Are Under The Care Of A Health Care Organization?1601 Words   |  7 Pagespatient abuse is the mistreatment or neglect of individuals who are under the care of a health care organization (Pozgar, 2013). In the United States, the vulnerable populations for this abuse are the elderly and children. Patient abuse is not only in an institutional setting, but also at home. The rise of elderly patients has increased in recent years due to the aging of the baby boomers. Currently, 13% of the population is over the age of 65 (NCEA, 2014). Many cases of elder abuse is causedRead MoreElderly Abuse Essay examples807 Words   |  4 Pages Elderly Abuse Elderly abuse in nursing homes in America is an uprising issue. Elders make up a large portion of our population and they deserve the equality. This issue is very important because eventually this could affect you personally, or a loved one in your family. I stand for better environments in these nursing homes and find it terrible that elders get treated so poorly. The reason the number of reports on elder abuse has gone up so rapidly in the past decade is because the number ofRead MoreInfluence Of Elder Abuse Based On Race And Race932 Words   |  4 Pagesalone. However, in elder abuse the descriptive words such as ethnicity and race has little to no effect on the one being abused (Hernandez-Tejada, Amstadter, Muzzy, Acierno, 2013). The study of 5,777 participants in a weighted sample, which was given in English and Spanish. The types of abuse was emotional, physical, and sexual abuse ( Hernandez-Tejada, et al., 2013) In their study, to identify what factors were predictive to elder abuse based on race and enthicity observed that abuse in Non-White olderRead MoreMandatory Reporting Is a Legal Requirement, in State Statute or Regulation, for Nurses to Report an Occurrence or Individual, Including Another Nurse, When the Public Is at Risk. Mandatory Reporting Is Enacted When the825 Words   |  4 Pageshealth professionals to divulge suspicions about behaviors such as abuse and neglect. There is a wide range of interpretation from state to state as to how vulnerable situations are identified, which states mandate reporting, and who is required to report. All states require reporting of child abuse, for example, but only a few states require reporting of domestic violence against a man or woman who is not classified as a child or elder. Mandatory Reporting Law in Your State The details regardingRead MoreElder Abuse Prevention Strategies1450 Words   |  6 PagesOlder Adult Connections Connections Elder Abuse – Senior Safety Episode †¢ Show Concept – The Elder Abuse/Senior Safety topic will be a 4-part series that shows the different types of elder abuse that exist, educates viewers on community resources, and provides tips for keeping yourself and your family safe. The episodes will not focus on following one individual or family through an entire abuse scenario, but will instead highlight several abuse scenarios. Each segment will be 30 minutesRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing Home Staff Misconduct965 Words   |  4 Pagesday, sometimes with tragic consequences. In fact, in a study by the National Center On Elder Abuse, it was reported that 1 in 3 U.S. nursing homes were cited for violations of federal standards that had the potential to cause harm or that had caused actual harm to a resident. If your loved one has been the victim of nursing home staff misconduct, it’s important to discuss the situation with an experienced elder care personal injury attorney who can guide you through the process of finding justice

Communication Issues By The ACMA Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication Issues By The ACMA. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this task is to provide an overview regarding the communication issues faced by the ACMA in their business process. ACMA is a travel call Centre and internet based organization which holds their actions in both domestic and international market. The Call Centre has around 300 members working with them and they are expecting to grow with a group of 400 members until next year. But the growth of the organization is barred by the inefficiency of the management to solve the staff issues caused by lack of communication. Communication is one of the most effective tools which help the organization to grow and competence in the target market. Communication helps the internal process of the organization to work more effectively if employees will communicate properly then most of the staff issues will resolve itself (Hage, and Posner 2015). Apart from that communication helps in increasing the satisfaction level of employees due to which they are insisted to work better. These a re some of the aid which the organization receives when the management initiates efficient communication in the organizational culture. It is the duty of the manager to implement activities in the organization which can initiate good flow of work with adequate communication in the organization (Kouzes, and Posner 2014). The below-mentioned task provides framework of communication in ACMA and recommendation to line the line manager for introducing good communication in the process. Further details about the task are discussed below. Framework of Communication Effective communication is a significant tool which helps the managers to perform their basic functions efficiently. The job and responsibilities are adequately fulfilled with the help of communication. Communication acts as a foundation for the planning process in the organization. Communication plays a key role in the success of any workplace. Healthy workplace is an organization in which the employees effectively communicate with each other and with the managers as well (Osborne, and Hammoud 2017). Further, there are two types of communication process initiated in the organization which is discussed below: Bottom-up communication: this communication is initiated from employees to management to provide information about the needs and requirements of employees in the workplace. This process helps the managers to look at the needs of the employees in the organization ant the act accordingly. By initiating this process the management will tailor their policies and implement them according to the values of the employees of the organization (Champoux 2003). Top-down communication: this type of communication is initiated from management to the employees of the organization. This type of communication increases the efficiency of the employees of the organization by making them aware regarding different programs of the organization. Further, it shall be noted that in the organization ACMA both types of communication process are important as bottom to top will help the manager to understand the needs of the employees in the organization and top to bottom will help the employees to understand that what the management want from them. Further, the importance of effective communication in an organization is discussed below: Motivation and trust: the process of communication increases the trust of employees in the working of the organization. As the process of communication clarifies the issues caused by the management and resolve them with full solidarity due to which the employees gain trust on the activities of the management. Also, it increases the motivation level of employees in the organization, with the aid of this process the employees get more interested into the activities of the organization which makes them more committed towards the activities of the organization. Due to this process, they work more effectively and effectively in the organization (Mackay 2013). Controlling: controlling is one of the important aspects will help ACMA initiate control in the organization. It shall be noted that as communication helps the employees and managers of the organization to contact with each other, due to which a relation is maintained in the organization. Apart from that the manager also easily gets to know about the activities which are implemented and needs to be implemented in the organization, resulting in which control is initiated in an effective manner (Saks, and Gruman 2014). Communication process builds a channel in the organization from which the information is supplied in the organization. Talking about the organization ACMA it shall be noted that as the business is aiming to expand so they need to first remove the barriers which are hindering the growth of the company. For that good communication the company, as with the aid of communication, all the necessary change in policies and programs are informed by the employees due to which confusion and issues of the organization. Resulting efficiency in workplace is implemented (Gruman, and Saks 2011). Also, it shall be noted that communication helps the organization in the process of recruitment and selection as well. If communication in ACMA is efficient the all employees will get satisfied with the services which the organization provides in the management. Due to which they will initiate goodwill of the company in the target market, this goodwill will attract many candidates in the organization as they will get motivated to work with the organization due to the satisfaction level of existing employee. Resulting to which the growth will gradually initiate in the organization (Chamorro-Premuzic 2013). Clarity: clarity is one of the aspects which help the employees to work effectively in the organization and it helps the managers to initiate adequate decision in the organization as well. Confusion in the workplace can create negativity due to which employee might feel demotivated and lose their concentration as well. Thus, it is known that clarity of task is an important aspect of the organization. So, if there is adequate flow of communication in the organization then the staff will encourage themselves to work more and create a positive atmosphere in the organization. Also, communication tools help the employees to get involved in the activities of the organization. like in the organization ACMA they management wants to diversify their business in the international and domestic market, due to which the management needs communicate properly with the expatriate so that they do not feel isolated and leave the job. Thus effective communication helps in retaining the employees as well (Cappelli, and Tavis 2016). The Aristotle model shall be taken into consideration while looking at the communication framework of the organization, this model states that speaker is the person who plays the key role in the process of communication in the organization. The speaker takes the charge to initiate communication in the organization. Further, the role of the audience in this model is passive. In this method, the speaker prepares the speech which they want to give to the audience. Further, the speech is delivered to the audience on the basis of which they react in the organization. This method shall hold validity vice versa as well. As in the organization ACMA, the manager shall circulate the rules and regulation to the employees collectively in the organization (Riordan 2014). And the employees after that shall apply the same in their activities, the managers shall look after the effect generated through their speech and in case if the employees have some confusion regarding the speech provided by the manager, then shall directly contact to the manager to solve the issue. Later, the manager shall act according to the suggestion given by the employees in the organization. Recommendations to management As discussed above it shall be noted that enhancing internal communication is the most important aspect which helps the organization and gain more competence. Thus, for the same purpose, the following recommendations are provided to ACMA management in order to resolve their issues which are barring the growth of the organization. Circulation of simple and clear message in the workplace: the message provided in the workplace through the manager shall be circulated to all the employees of the organization. Also, the manager shall take this fact in accounts that simple and clear message will be more understandable o the employee on large scale. This will also reduce confusion and issues among employees as well. Summarizing, the message shall be simple but it shall hold a deep meaning, this process also helps in introducing new and efficient strategies for the organization. Strategies in the organization will initiate itself only when it is understandable by all, so for that, the message needs to be simple and deep (Neilson, Pasternack, and Van Nuys 2005). Build behavior based on market and customer insights: for the employees to make them understand the strategies in a better way, the management shall build their behavior according to the market features. They shall build internal campaigns based on the market and customers perceptions. The managers shall package their content and provide it to the employees on a larger basis like, firstly the manager shall expose themselves and then provide easy to implement format to the employee along with an action plan which they shall lad and subordinates shall follow (Rosenbaum 2017). Inspire, educate and reinforce: these are the three aspects with the help of which management can be improved in an organization. The line manager shall act as a leader of the organization and shall motive the employee to work better. He shall inspire them with his leadership skills and activities that the team gets self-motivated to complete the targets. Apart from that, they shall also convey the message that inspires the employees in a positive way, this will give positive out to the organization on the part of employees (Bratu, and Miricescu 2017). Also once if the team is motivated and inspired to work better, then they only need the education and skills to complete the task. For this purpose, the manager shall aim to effectively teach the employees regarding task which is to doe done. The leader shall lead the path and he shall insist the members follow him so that they can achieve the defined goal. The leadership trait of the manager will help them to initiate communication in the organizational culture. Also, the manager shall aim to provide dialogue rather than monologue and he shall be connected to his team all the time. This will acknowledge him with the issues which the team members face and hesitate to discuss. With adequate education and motivation, the target won't be fulfilled easily, for that purpose the management needs to repeat the message again and again. With this process, the employee will get stick to the strategy and complete the task. Such reinforcing messages shall be circulated by the management to increase communication leading to the fulfillment of strategic goals (Holmes, and Stubbe 2015). Finding out deviations: the management shall aim to find out the deviations which are harassing the growth of the organization in global competitive index. It is seen that the organization ACMA initiates their business activities in both international and domestic market. So the management needs to find out the deviation due to which the organization is unable to grow in the market and then initiate activities accordingly in the internal management. So they shall firstly look at the issue from external perspective and then initiate activities in the internal management according to the survey done in the market (Keyton, et. al., 2013). Clear definitions of what needs to be communicated and by whom: the management of the organization shall carefully undertake this aspect in their practice. Under this process, the manager shall map a way with communication process shall be executed in the organization. He shall define the job of each and every employee present in the organization and all employees shall work according to their duties only. The manager shall decide to whom the employees are accountable and what are their responsibilities and who whom they shall report in case of disputes. This will initiate proper flow of formal communication in the organization. Apart from formal communication, they shall try to initiate informal communication for better coordination of work. Information communication to an extent helps the organization to initiate teamwork qualities and achieve the target (Becker-Olsen, and Guzmn 2017). Thus, these are the recommendation which shall be followed by the line manager in order to expand their business in both domestic and international market. Conclusion Thus, in the limelight of above-mentioned events, the facts that shall be noted is that ACMA organization is aiming to expand their business in the domestic and international market due to staff issues, resulting to which it was found that if the organization will initiate proper communication then they can grow efficiently. For this purpose, the above-mentioned task defines the framework of communication which includes its importance and model to guide the organization. Lastly, recommendations are given to the manager with the help of which they can work effectively. References Becker-Olsen, K. and Guzmn, F., 2017. Corporate Social Responsibility Communication in North America: The Past, Present and Future. InHandbook of Integrated CSR Communication(pp. 293-315). Springer International Publishing. Bratu, M.L. and Miricescu, D., 2017. Study on heredity value in communication skills, for improving individual performance in the workplace. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 121, p. 07002). EDP Sciences. Cappelli, P. and Tavis, A. 2016. The Performance Management Revolution. Harward Business Review, pp. 1-11 Chamorro-Premuzic, T. 2013. If You Want to Change, Dont Read This. HBR Blog Network, pp. 1-2 Champoux, J.E., 2003. Organizational Behavior: essential tenants. Thomson Learnings. Gruman, J.A and Saks, A.M. 2011. Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21, pp. 123-136. Hage, J. and Posner, B.Z., 2015. Religion, religiosity, and leadership practices: an examination in the lebanese workplace. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 36(4), pp.396-412. Holmes, J. and Stubbe, M., 2015. Power and politeness in the workplace: A sociolinguistic analysis of talk at work. Routledge. Keyton, J., Caputo, J.M., Ford, E.A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S.A., Liu, T., Polasik, S.S., Ghosh, P. and Wu, C., 2013. Investigating verbal workplace communication behaviors.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(2), pp.152-169. Kouzes, J.M. and Posner, B.Z., 2014. The student leadership challenge: Five practices for becoming an exemplary leader. John Wiley Sons. Mackay, H., 2013. Why don't people listen?. Macmillan Publishers Aus.. Neilson, G. L., Pasternack, B. A. and Van Nuys, K. E. 2005. The Passive Aggressive Organization, Harvard Business Review. Osborne, S. and Hammoud, M.S., 2017. Effective Employee Engagement in the Workplace. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), p.4. Riordan, C. M. 2014. Three Ways Leaders Can Listen with More Empathy. HBR Blog Network, pp. 1-2 Rosenbaum, M.E., 2017. Dis-integration of communication in healthcare education: Workplace learning challenges and opportunities. Patient Education and Counseling. Saks, A.M. and Gruman, J.A., 2014. What do we really know about employee engagement?. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), pp.155-182.

Stop Frisk free essay sample

Racial Profiling in the Criminal Justice system. Racial Profiling has been argued to be a very ineffective style of community policing in the criminal justice system. Using the New York City Police Department, â€Å"Stop, Question Frisk† Policy as a model, I will show that profiling has led to lower crime rates which is shown from a current and historical point of view. Using history as a tool, in time periods where New York City seen the highest peaks of crime, through interviews and official documents, I will show data on different races being profiled for crimes in different communities. Some would argue that this is an injustice where law enforcement agencies have created policies targeting the communities of color or different ethnicities. As stated by an NYPD spokesman in 2011, â€Å"Blacks made up 53 percent of the stop subjects and were 66 percent of the violent crime suspects in 2011 For Hispanics, 34 percent were stop subjects and 26 percent were violent crime suspects. We will write a custom essay sample on Stop Frisk or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Stop And Frisk Facts | New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) American Civil Liberties Union of New York State) The question can be raised is profiling a tool or an injustice? Does it hinder police and community relationships? does it help lower crime? The New York City Police Department was established in 1845 and is the largest Municipal law enforcement agency in the United States. The department has over thirty six thousand police officers in which patrol New York City streets and serve in other specialized duties domestically and internationally. The NYPD has made great strides to be the department of policy creation and also the creator of their crime fighting statistic tool known as Compstat. Compstat was developed in 1993 and reports crimes within the city based on the FBI Uniform Crime Report classifications and have been duplicated in other agencies throughout the country. (NYPD Official New York City Police Department Web Site) The NYPD Stop, Question and Frisk Policy (also known as â€Å"250’s†/ UF-250 referring to the form Officers must fill out in regards to stopping, questioning and frisking a citizen) is a policy created under the Bloomberg administration with Raymond W. Kelly as the commissioner of the department for the last ten years. â€Å"Stop Frisk is the practice by which NYPD officers initiates a stop of an individual on the street, based on so-called reasonable suspicion of criminal activity†. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights) This policy came about in 2002, when Mayor Bloomberg along with the Commissioner Kelly created â€Å"Operation Impact†. The operation placed new recruit officers directly from the academy to patrol a foot post in a high crime area. With the success of the program within the first year, the program was expanded to include more officers and new strategies to lower crime. Stop, Question and Frisk is a conversation on the roll call of every precinct within the city in which I have witnessed firsthand. Before the era of Mayor Bloomberg, the NYPD adopted a style of Policing which was known as Community Policing or as it was referred to as â€Å"C POP†. According to the United States Department of Justice Community Policing is defined as: a philosophy that promotes organizational strategies, which support systematic use of partnerships and problem solving techniques, to proactively address the immediate conditions that arise to public safety issues such as crime, social disorder and fear of crime. (COPS Office: What is Community Policing? ) From the late 1960’s to early 2002 the NYPD adopted this form of policing and put it into practice within their department. The police department expanded its Community Affairs Division (which was created in 1967), which foster positive police and community relations. (NYPD Official New York City Police Department Web Site) The department also created a unit in each command known as C POP unit. In an interview with an officer who was a member of this unit for five years, he stated that the unit was a group of minority officers in which the community would get to know. The goals of the unit were to patrol a defined area within the command and have interactions with youth, business owners, and the elderly. He stated that the goal was to have an officer that the community knew and also to have an officer that knows the people that reside within the community. The department also placed more Community Affairs officers, who wore a distinctive uniform who was better known as the proactive officers. These officers would meet with the community to address concerns, give presentations on gang violence and safety. This officer said with a new police commissioner and mayor in 2002, the goals of the department shifted. A very evident shift from this style of policing can be seen in a 2010 Fourth of July incident. Where four police officers in the Bronx was tossing a football around with a little boy in the park. The officers were â€Å"verbally berated and penalized for their actions. The officers were formally disciplined and received a loss of five vacation days for their actions. One officer, Mariana Diaz stated â€Å"There’s a lot of negativity toward police†¦I want kids in the community to look at us in a positive way. † (Moving Forward in the NYPD: Community Policing is the Response to Community Outrage Security Center) In 2002 Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg created an NYPD Operation known as Operation Impact. This was a testing tool to determine if placing new recruit officers directly from the academy to pre-determined impact zones to help lower crime. Predetermined impact zones where areas within the city that has a high crime rate. These neighborhoods included Brownsville, Red Hook, and Carroll Garden all in Brooklyn. The Upper East Side, Harlem all located in Manhattan, the South Bronx and south Jamaica, Queens. With the deployment of over 1,000 officers into this newly formed Operation Impact, in 2003 the first measured year, the city seen a 33% drop in crime in the Impact Zone citywide. This resulted to 3,612 fewer crime victims. This dramatic drop in crime has not been seen in New York City since the 1960’s. In that one year of review this operation resulted in over 32,000 arrests and almost 376,000 summons. (Impact Zones Expanded After Successful First Year, 2004) Thus the success of Operation Impact from 2002 to 2003, Operation Impact was expanded to now cover 52 Impact zones. Of these fifty two zones, twenty five are within twenty two precincts, in twenty six subway stations and two zones in nine housing developments. This expansion created the policy known as Stop, Question and Frisk. (Impact Zones Expanded After Successful First Year, 2004) This policy help incorporate an existing NYPD operation known as â€Å"Operation Clean Halls†. Operation Clean halls has been in effect since 1991 and has allowed police office to execute vertical patrols, by going up into private and also city owned housing developments and conducting stop and frisk searches in hallways, with the landlords permission. In the same year that Operation Impact was reviewed for it success, Operation Clean halls in 2002-2003 alone police officers conducted 240,000 â€Å"vertical patrols† or stop and frisk searches. (Mike Bloombergs New York: Cops in Your Hallways | Matt Taibbi | Rolling Stone) I incorporate these two operations together because with the expansion of Operation Impact two zones now cover nine high crime housing developments in New York City. This old operation gave officers the power to stop and frisk anyone in the housing developments while conducting â€Å"vertical patrols†. An example of the effect that Operation Clean Halls has on Stop, Question and Frisk Policy is on June 15, 2011, three African American males, where leaving a friend house whose lives in a Bronx housing development. The friends were stopped in the stairwell by two police officers. The mother of the friend who they were visiting saw them being stopped in the stairwell and informed her son that they were being questioned by the Police. As her son went down stairs, he seen his friends leaned against the wall, handcuffed and being searched. He told the officers that his friends were there to visit him and they were just leaving. The three males were taken to the 44th precinct, kept in holding cells for three hours and issues summons for trespassing which was later dismissed. Under this Operation Clean Halls, the police can stop, question and frisk any citizen that they believe to be trespassing and issue summons for trespassing or failing to produce government identification. (Mike Bloombergs New York: Cops in Your Hallways | Matt Taibbi | Rolling Stone) Data released by the NYPD on the Stop Question and frisk policy has resulted in astounding numbers of protesting stop and frisk, in which has seen much community out cry for reform of the police department or independent oversight. According to the Center for Constitutional Rights, in 2011 a highest record since 2003, 685,724 people were stopped by the NYPD. 84% of that figure was African American Latino residents. In retrospective these two races on comprise to about twenty three and twenty nine percent of New York City population. Since 2002 NYPD stop and frisk has increased by over 600%. Where in 2002 the total stops were 97,837 as compared to 2011 the total stops where 685,724. In 2002 the total number of Frisk was only 52,803 as compared to 2011 totals of 381, 704. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights) Of the total number of stop and frisk there was in 2011, only six percent resulted in arrest. Only six percent resulted in summons given and only two percent resulted in contraband found. The data shows that 51% are blacks, 33% Latino and 9% white that are being stopped and frisked by this department. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights,) This data shows there is a large racial disparity when it comes to what race is more likely to be stopped by the NYPD. In a New York Times article released in 2010 the reasons that officers listed on their UF-250’s for stopping a person were, furtive movement, appears to be â€Å"casing†, appears to be lookout, fits description, apparent drug deal, â€Å"Bulge†, violent crime indication, clothing and a suspicious object. (Map of New York City Police Stops Interactive Feature NYTimes. com,) In a video released by the Vital Fund Project, undisclosed officer secretly taped an annual performance evaluation with their supervisor. In this recording the supervisor states to the officer â€Å"You need to get more 250’s, I would hate to see you get disciplined for this, but the department wants more 250’s. I was a beat officer two, I understand but work the streets, get more 250’s and I ensure you your evaluation would look better. † (The Hunted and the Hated: An Inside Look at the NYPDs Stop-and-Frisk Policy,) In the same video officers would account for times that other officers have not meet their â€Å"performance object/measure†, also known as a quota they would be transferred to undesirable commands and units, given tours that many officers would not like, such as the midnights. (The Hunted and the Hated: An Inside Look at the NYPDs Stop-and-Frisk Policy,) The community has banded together to call for action against the Stop, Question and Frisk Policy. The Center for Constitutional Rights they have filed a federal class action lawsuit (Floyd, et al. v. City of New York, et al. ) against the NYPD and the City of New York. The lawsuit challenges the NYPD’s practice of racial profiling and unconstitutional stops and frisks. Another organization known as the New York Civil Liberties Union, has created and proposed the Community Safety Act to the New York City Council. This act is said to be the first step toward ending discriminatory practices like stop and frisk. â€Å"The act is a series of civil rights bulls that if pass this legislation will create a real ban on racial profiling; protect New Yorkers from unlawful searches; and require that police officers identify themselves and explain their actions when they stop people. (NYPDs Stop and Frisk Practice: Unfair and Unjust | Center for Constitutional Rights,) I myself have participated in town hall meeting conducted by city council members to hear the community call to end this practice that the NYPD has taken on, increasingly over the last decade. I first asked was the NYPD: Stop, Question Frisk Policy a new style of policing or a crime fighting tool. According to Mayor Bloomberg Commissioner Kelly, this policy has helped lowered crime and taken guns off the street. I answer that question by saying what does the data show? The data does show an increase of stop and frisk of 600% since Mayor Bloomberg has taken office in 2002. It shows a large racial disparity between the numbers of minorities that are stop and frisk compared to white citizens. The data shows that crime has been on the decline, but is this direct effect of this policing tactic or is there other contributing factors? Abandoning the style of community policing has demonstrated the very negative relationship the community has with the New York City Police Department. I stated that New York City Police Department is the largest law enforcement agency in the United States. As compared to other major cities and large police departments they have demonstrated and data proves fact that they have lowered crime at a higher rate than New York City has, without using stop, question and frisk as a policy. One prime example is the Los Angeles Police department has seen a 52% decrease in crime in the last decade. This city is almost the same size of New York City and this department has adopted NYPD original policies of community policing and Compstat. This adaptation of NYPD culture was taken from an NYPD former chief who created Compstat and would later become the police commissioner for LAPD. There is a lot that must be done to stop the NYPD and the use of Stop, Question and frisk. The figures show the large racial disparity in the stops and frisk which has a strong question on whether the stops are motivated by racial profiling. It takes the will power of a community to seek a change and ask for stronger and direct oversight of the police department. I strongly believe that stop and frisk is not a crime fighting tool but a tactical policing strategy used to lower crime figures within the City. The NYPD has a Community Affairs Bureau who has officers dedicated to fostering positive police and community relations. Over the past several years, I have worked within an NYPD Law Enforcement Explorers program, interacting with officers and community members in many different capacities. It is not enough to have a bureau doing community outreach. It must take the entire department to foster a culture of positive community relations. We need to reverse the direction of policing and return to the stronger community outreach policing model that has worked in the past. If other departments across this country can do it, why can’t the department who has been the leader in policy creation do the same? Stop, Question and Frisk Policy of the NYPD is an injustice to the rights of all and should be stopped.

The Roman Coliseum essays

The Roman Coliseum essays We always admire great structures of the past. Its amazing that without modern technology these huge, intricate buildings could be erected. The Roman Coliseum is an example of these ancient structures. Building of the Coliseum began c. 72 AD by Emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD by Vespasians son Titus. The name coliseum came to be because the Coliseum was next to a colossal statue of Nero. The original name of the huge structure was The Amphiteatrum Flavium. (The Coliseum of Ancient Rome p 1) When the arena was completely built emperor Titus inaugurated it with a blood bath. For 100 days the arena shook with the roar of 50,000 people, the death of gladiators, and the wild screams of 5,000 animals. This parade of killing lasted 4 centuries in spite of Christian protest. (National Geographic Society pg. 451) The Coliseum was over 160 feet high and had 80 entrances. It could hold nearly 50,000 people who came to watch gladiator fights and wild animal hunts. Throughout the course of these fights as many as 10,000 people were killed. (The Coliseum of Ancient Rome p. 1) The first level was 34 feet high and the arches were 23 feet high and 14 feet wide. On the second level the height was 38 feet and the arches were 21 feet high and 14 feet wide. The third level was 37 feet high and the arches were 21 feet high and 14 feet wide. The top level was 45 feet high and had no arches at all. Each of the levels with arches had 80 passageways. ( The Colosseum p. 1) A majority of the shows in the Coliseum lasted all day beginning with comedic contests and animal shows in the morning. Professional gladiator events followed in the afternoon. Death played a major role in the shows. The gladiators who were prisoners, slaves, or criminals fought one another or wild animals usually until the death. Gladiators may have used nets, swords, fir ...

Free Literature Review Full Text

Free Literature Review Full Text Free Literature Review Full Text This order was delivered to Allen Sutton, a fraudulent person from Elmont, New York. Beware of this customer! Literature Review: Would the Addition Psycho Education to Medication Management in Q Community Outpatient Setting By a Nurse Practitioner Yield Greater Medication Adherence in Adult Schizophrenic Patients A new achievement in medical science is the introduction of psycho-education for the people who live with psychological disturbance. This educates and trains patients in regards to various psychological disturbances such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, psychotic illness and personality disorders. Psycho-Education also helps in the treatment of physical illness by emphasizing on mental well being and positive thinking. Moreover this education is not only restricted to patients but their families as well. As said that mental well-being leads to physical well being as the brain in ones body controls and operates it. So it is very important to understa nd and treat the brain and its functions with utmost care. According to Kelly and Scott (1990) the theory of Psycho-education helps the patient and their families to be well acquainted with the patients condition, to understand their illness, strengths, weakness and the short term and long term causes and treatment for a better living. Moreover this theory helps the patients and their families to live normal lives, coping up and living with their psychological condition. One very common Psychological disorder is Schizophrenia. It is a condition of the brain where the patient lacks thought process and is emotionally unresponsive. Patient also suffers from hallucinations, delusions and has disintegrated speech and thinking. People with a condition this way have difficulties coping up with their social and professional life. People suffering from schizophrenia are a danger to them as they often have suicidal feelings submerged within, the society because of their negative yet sudden change in behavior, and barely can sustain basic needs of living. Dowrick (2000) noted that Schizophrenia in adults is a chronic disorder and the ratio of men suffering from it is more than in women and conditionally more severe in men than women.Individuals suffering from Schizophrenia might see or hear things that dont have an existence in real life. They speak and express in a confusing manner. Such individuals lose the power of recognition between the real worlds and imagine things that are irrelevant. Such individuals adapt fear and confusion within themselves thus, drawing themselves out from the activities of a daily life and also restrains them to act and behave in a normal way. Hence, according to Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003), it becomes difficult for them to move along the norms of the society endangering oneself and the society at large. Their behavior may vary from social withdrawal, hostility, suspiciousness, deterioration of personal hygiene, flat expressionles s stare, inability to express sorrow or joy, depression, inappropriate way of laughing or crying, insomnia, hypersomnia, irrational statements, loss of memory, lack of concentration, hyper reaction to criticism etc. Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) noted that adding Psycho-education to medication management would yield greater medical adherence in adult schizophrenic patients in a community outpatient setting by a Nurse Practioner as their treatment is very important as Schizophrenia is a very complex psychological disorder that is difficult to diagnose as Psychological experts have not been able to explain the root cause of it. In such cases Psycho-education helps the patients and their families to be educated about this illness. Moreover addition of Psycho-education to medication management would bring out much better results in regards to a cure for this illness as prescribed medication and its dosages could have side effects on the patients emotional responsiveness. Moreover, according to Larsen (2004), in terms of medication adherence in adult schizophrenic patients most of them have severe memory impairment and cognitive distortions and could even complicate the overall treatment plan as they could require multiple doses a day. The main area of focus of Psycho-education aims at teaching and/or educating the patient to increase his/her knowledge and the proper understanding of his/her illness and treatment respectively. It is proved that a patient with knowledge of his/her illness increases and enables the chances of getting cured faster and also helps in coping up with the medication, therapy and treatment in a much effective way. Studies Wheeler and Greiner (2003) and Picchioni and Murray (2007) prove that interaction between the patient and the doctor efficiently adds more value to the standard treatment and helps the reduction of possible relapse and hospitalization. Also Psycho-education improves compliances that are followed with medi cation and non-adherence to medication. It also promotes better social well being with proper functioning of social outcomes. Mostly Psycho-education emphasizes on a group where multiple patients share multiple areas of concern, thus making the schizophrenic platform global and so it can be addressed in a way that becomes more reactive yet informative and helpful for treatment. According to Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) adult Schizophrenic patients have a very sociodemographic feature that makes their characterization of illness difficult to diagnose, since this is a condition that affects thoughts and behavior and is often termed as a chronic relapsing psychotic illness. These features also include comorbidity and often have side effects of the medicational features. Nearly one out of five patients experiences some of the symptoms. Another 20% experience worse of these symptoms; in the remaining 60%, the symptoms become even more chronic and even leads to hospitalization. A s such, in these cases family administration, support and encouragement is highly recommended. Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) noted that Psycho-education characterizes treatment with the collaboration of prescribed medication including a systematic study of the relation between the Physician and the patient is intervened by different studies and reinforcement of mental education, skills training, memory enhancement, and anger management. Psychologists encounter Schizophrenic patients quite often and they encourage services that rely less on medicines and more on long-term therapy that includes counseling, advocacy, group discussions, behavioral social skills training, family education, counseling and therapy. These special trainings come in various forms. According to Larsen (2004) many community based groups conduct informal interactions to help to understand the patients unique and specific behavior and implement their skills for overcoming obstacles that interrupt a normal life. Treatment for schizophrenic patients through prescribed medication and therapy only diagnosis and focuses the presence of psychological symptoms and does not necessarily classify the characteristics of social construction of recovery such as hope, faith, belief, self identification, social well being and empowerment. Over whelming evidence, by Wheeler and Greiner (2003), proves that antipsychotics can be effective for treating certain symptoms of Schizophrenia. This antipsychotic medication needs strict medical adherence as, if not adhered as prescribed; it may increase the risk of a relapse. It is often found that most people suffering from Schizophrenia, medication adherence is often poor and most of them discontinue medication after a short period assuming that it is not required anymore; nonetheless this causes serious consequences. Studies review that approximately one-third of the patients with schizophrenia, suffer from medical non-adherence. These patients als o outlook nearly 1-10 days of oral antipsychotic therapy which nearly doubles the risk of hospitalization. Picchioni and Murray (2007) noted that non-adherence of these medications may increase the risk of hospitalization with a possible relapse due to the gaps in prescribed medication doses. It has also been discovered by researchers that individuals with an education about their illness are less hospitalized than that of individuals who are only on prescribed drugs with non-adherence in regards to it. Another factor that adds to medical non-adherence in regards to schizophrenic patients is that the patients do not attend their appointment with regards to their therapy. Individuals who are not regular and do not keep a track of their outpatient appointments post-hospitalization become non-adherent to prescribed medications and this way it slowly but surely becomes critical in the outcome of Schizophrenia in adults. Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) noted that community based o utpatient treatment centers offer services to individuals those have issues at adjustment at home, work, society or even more complex psychological disorders such as depression, stress-related conditions, anger, anxiety, loss of memory, diversion of attention etc. Studies have reviewed that the common clinical practice for the treatment of Schizophrenia in Adults were not very effective and Non-adherence to these clinical therapies and prescribed medication increased at an alarming rate. The view of a broader treatment proved successful and an array of support from Community Based Services and Rehabilitation Centers offering a wider and even more effective treatment for the mentally ill started flowing in. Studies by Larsen (2004), Wheeler and Greiner (2003), and Picchioni and Murray (2007) also reviewed those individuals with the knowledge of their illness yielded greater results in treatment. The demand for more professionals with the knowledge of Psychotic illness increased wit h Nurse Practioners to broaden their scope of knowledge with Psychiatris Studies. With a collaboration of Psycho-education and medication management under the supervision of Nurse Practioners proved successful and efficient. According to Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007), Psycho-education is intervened by the patients interaction with their peers and it is proved that this helps individuals and their families to gain a lot of crucial and important information about the illness. This also involves motivation and interpersonal support from peers. Here, a patient is given full opportunity to express thoughts, concerns and raise questions. It is important to make the patient realize that the illness suffered, is worldwide. Psycho-education helps an individual to absorb a lot of information that helps to potentially grow and change and also makes an individual more tolerant in nature. Psycho-education relates to practical and concrete problem solving issues including social challenges faced everyday that help to develop independent living skills and achieve specific goals. The aim of all of Psychological Disorder treatment and therapeutic intervention lies in the boosting of empowerment of the patient and his/her families. In this intervention an individual is treated with an utmost positive care to encourage and boost ones confidence in order to face and tackle their Psychological disorder. Psycho-education intends to educated all individuals about their Psychological disorder along with the different other types around. A comprehension of the background and its available treatment is always very important for an individual. Through this, as per Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003), individuals and their families accept the illness and cope with it in a very effective manner. A variety of self-development programs are conducted for the patient and their families such as Behavioral therapy, Problem-Solving training, Communication training and Family th erapy etc. There is a huge relation in the collaboration of medicines, Therapy and Psycho education and proven to be effective due to the fact that medicines such as Antipsychotic drugs help to reduce Neuro-functional disorders that results in formation of disciplined orders and understanding and Psycho-educational therapies helps in coping up strategies for a normal living. According to Picchioni and Murray (2007),Psycho-education as an addition to medication management is a much better way of monitoring a patients well being with proper scheduling of medication by avoiding drug interactions and introduction to general prescribed medication. Medication management aims at appropriate use of medicines and drugs that would not cause complications in the longer run. A collaboration of Psycho-education with Medication management would introduce various support and care from individuals, the community, psychiatrists, social workers and experts. A community outpatient uses day centers, h ospitals and rehabilitation centers to refer to different Psychological professionals to cure their psychological illness. Such is a success, Wheeler and Greiner (2003) notes, if Psycho-education is introduced in a community outpatient setting with help from a Nurse Practioner, as a Nurse Practioner can treat physical and mental conditions through various methods of additional education and training through comprehending the patients history, by advising physical examination and various tests. The Nurse Practioner can also diagnose and then provide appropriate treatment for the patient which includes prescribing medication. A Nurse Practioner can yield much better results with the help of Psycho-education than of a simple medication adherence as it only monitors the course of therapy with regards to medicines, its prescription, discontinuation and proper dose of the medicine whereas Psycho-education refers to educate and aware the patient and their families about the illness. This helps in a greater understanding of the situation and to deal with it accordingly in alliance with medication. As mentioned that it aims at the psychological well being of a person that builds the ambience of living. Since a Nurse Practioner also serves as a primary health provider, it would yield in a greater result if Psycho-education is added to medication management. The main focus of this addition is individual care of the condition and effects of the patients illness. According to Larsen (2004) educating patients about their health is very important and psycho-education helps and encourages them to make choices for a healthy living and to prioritize well being. There are different aspects of Psycho-educational programs and they have different characteristics depending upon the type of psychological disorder. Most of the individuals who suffer from schizophrenia, also suffer from diversion of attention, lack of concentration and memory loss. According to Gutirrez-Maldonado and Caqueo-Urzar (2007) Psycho-education significantly highlights the practice, feedback, presentation and discussion to enhance the strength of these problems. A Nurse Practioner can yield greater medical adherence in regards to a community outpatient setting in adult schizophrenic patients as the Nurse Practioners role is broad and deals with different mental health issues at outpatient clinics, primary care units, private therapy practices, community health centers and hospitals. A Nurse Practioner also specializes on focusing on genetic psychiatry to understand the history of illness and to conduct various physical and psychological tests. Hollon, Thase and Markowitz (2003) noted that a Nurse Practioner has a proven role in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia with anti psychotic medication and remedial approaches such as training, exercise, educating of residual symptoms. There is also evidence about Psychiatric Nurse Practioners in the community and their effectiveness in regards to supervision of schizophrenic patients. Many Nurse Practioners combine therapy and treatment in an assertive community program that aims to reduce relapse and hospitalization. The techniques include developing trust; normalizing, enhancing the skills to coping with strategy, practical theory and reality testing, work along dysfunctional affective and behavioral attitude towards psychotic illness. This not only helps in an enhanced response to the therapy but also yield results faster. Langdon (1994) noted that the use of Psycho-education and medication together aims at a higher recovery rate of patients suffering from Adult Schizophrenia with a Nurse Practioner being an active part of the recovery process as Nurse Practioners are highly trained professional in the field of both physical and mental health. Psychiatric Nurse Practioners are well trained in the medication management of Schizophrenic Patients. Many Psycho-educational professionals and groups have proved to br ing dynamic effect in behavioral changes in the case of acute and post-acute adult schizophrenic patients. This is one of the major reasons Psycho-education is derived as a modern tool for a useful collaboration of bringing out the potential of independency within the individuals and their families. This also forecasts the future of professional constituency for Psychological disorders as well as it will open up arrays into specific form of Psychotherapy. Psycho-education, in accordance to Gruber (2002), in the form of an obligatory-exercise program, should be made available to all patients suffering from a schizophrenic disorder and their families. Psycho-education goes deep down into current conceptions, methods and practice. Carefully, under the support, supervision and accompaniment by a Nurse Practioner, the empathic and socially enduring therapeutic attempt must be strong, stable and sustainable, despite altering the ambience around. With such an approach, psychological prin ciples and standardized procedures must be valid while interacting with an adult schizophrenic patient. It is also very important to keep in mind that the patients with Psychological disorder such as Schizophrenia may behave and or react unexpected with an illogical reaction, which could be due to the altered psychological state of mind of the surrounding ambience. According to Baldo (1993), introduction of Psycho-education does not intend to stop or challenge the continuation of other behavioural therapy when dealing with Psychological Illness and in this case Adult Schizophrenic Patients. It is a subsequent and complementary strategy of treatment where not only the patients, but their families and relatives too which is optimal in respect to their illness. Psycho-education sets general courses that will yield greater and higher success rates in the treatment that will help in long-term coping and adjustments. With the help of Nurse Practioners who are well-established profession als, it is absolutely possible to draw out a successful concept which shelters the different and specific needs of the adult schizophrenic patients and at the same time restoring their resources. Nathan and Gorman (1998) noted that the addition of Psycho-education to medication management in community outpatients settings by a Nurse Practioner and its effectiveness with that of yielding greater medication adherence in adult schizophrenic patients would definitely become a global concept of treatment in many hospitals, rehabilitation centres and clinics. As far as its research goes, there is a huge amount of proven studies done which proves the effectiveness of the concept of Psycho-education with the combination of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of Schizophrenia in adults. A greater result was even proved and shown with regards to medical adherence in schizophrenic patients with regular visits under the supervision of Psychiatric Nurse Practioners. A greater difference can be yielded out if Psycho-education is introduced with regards to the treatment of all Psychological disorders. This also helps to create a mass awareness of the existence of such psychological disorders and the proper attitude to produce towards an individual suffering, moreover giving an effective social boost that helps an individual to cope easily and to carry on with a normal life. References Baldo, J. (1993). Selective attention in patients with schizophrenia and non-schizophrenic subjects. Berkeley: University of California. Dowrick, C. (2000). Problem Solving Treatment And Group Psychoeducation For Depression: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial. British Medical Journal, 321(7274), 1450-1454. Gruber, SA. (2002). Stroop performance in schizophrenic and bipolar patients: an fMRI study. New York: Tufts University. Gutirrez-Maldonado, J., and Caqueo-Urzar, A. (2007). Effectiveness of a Psycho-Educational Intervention for Reducing Burden in Latin American Families of P atients with Schizophrenia. Quality of Life Research, 16(5), 739-747. Hollon, SD., Thase, ME., and Markowitz, JC. (2003). Treatment and Prevention of Depression. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 3(2), 39-77. Kelly, G., and Scott, JE. (1990). Medication Compliance and Health Education among Outpatients with Chronic Mental Disorders. Medical Care, 28(12), 1181-1197. Langdon, R. (1994). Schizophrenic symptoms: dissociable deficits of self/other awareness in the normal cognitive system of consciousness. Boston: Macquarie University. Larsen, JA. (2004). Finding Meaning in First Episode Psychosis: Experience, Agency, and the Cultural Repertoire. Medical Anthropology Quarterly New Series, 18(4), 447-471. Nathan, P., and Gorman, J., (1998). A guide to treatments that work. London: Oxford University Press. Picchioni, M.M and Murray, R.M. (2007). Schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, 335(7610) 91-95. Wheeler, K., and Greiner, L. (2003). Integrating Education and Resear ch in an APRN Mental Health Services Program. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 21(3), 141-152.

Real Property Rights and Environmental Impact Research Paper

Real Property Rights and Environmental Impact - Research Paper Example Since environment is finite, ecological limitations will ultimately constrain human activities. The interrelations within human reliance on and restriction of environment gives the land paramount role in the society (John J. Fittipaldi 56). Understanding real property rights include politics, philosophy, economics, sociology and law. Restrained distinctions need to be created. The conclusions are often ambiguous. Reasonable people may disagree. Agronomic, biological and engineering aspects have to be considered in finding the limits of resource ownership, division or responsibilities on environment and effects on the third party. History, customs, facts and circumstances of specific cases are crucial in debate over property rights and environment. Real property is not a relationship between things and people but a relationship between people in regards to things around him. The social and legal significance of real property is not the tangible part of it; rather the rights that are a ttach to it (John Ratcliffe 89). An important characteristic has to be put between property rights and property ownership. Consequently, tenants have the right to use properties owned by other individuals in return of rent payment. A relevant example is the difference between trade in annual allocation –temporally trade, and trade in irrigation entitlement-permanent trade, where ownership of long term right to use is not altered. Steps have been made in application of concepts of real property rights to environmental issues, especially irrigation, where water is seen as trading innovator. Certainly, the logic of eradicating the past stiff attachment of rights to use irrigation schemes to particular lands is now hardly questioned. Nonetheless, while thinking about real properties rights is an important step in illuminating responsibilities for environmental management and assessing any claims for compensation, changes in property rights should not be oversold as an answer to e nvironmental crisis (Robinson 98). Real property can assist rationing of resources among different individuals and uses, but will not end any dispute over the impact of the rationing program. On this reasoning, a rigid legal approach to irrigators’ property rights would have a negative economic impact and political reaction. Current attitude on irrigators is that they are being supported by government, including unspoken approval of associated environmental damages. On a different perspective, environmental contamination often has a considerable impact upon real property. Buyers and sellers dedicate significant efforts towards negotiating a price in the sale of the contaminated property which accounts for its needs to be reinter ceded under the management of environment agencies (Australia 23). The eventual price agreed upon is usually replicating a negative effect caused by the subsistence of environmental pollution. There are numerous ways in which environmental situation m ay affect the valuation of real property tax appeal context (Roger LeRoy Miller 86). Arguments over property rights are forefront of debate over irrigation and the environment. Contradicting elucidations of the current political and legal situation highlight the need for practicality if excellent outcome are to be obtained in environmental

Purchasing gloves for hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Purchasing gloves for hotel - Essay Example To start with, gloves are important for housekeeping activities because of several reasons. Firstly, gloves facilitate better and firm grip on housekeeping items. In most cases, housekeeping utensils and other items are used with soaps, making the utensils to be slippery and risky to handle. Therefore, gloves can be used to reduce risks of harm to staff carrying out housekeeping duties. Secondly, housekeeping activities involve use of various chemical that can be harmful to skin. In this case, gloves are used to protect housekeeping staff from chemical harm. Finally, gloves are used to protect housekeeping staff from coming into direct contact with dirt being cleaned from various surfaces and utensils. Of more importance, certain characteristics should be considered when choosing gloves o be utilized in housekeeping activities. To begin with, housekeeping staff should choose the right size of gloves that can fit effectively in their hands. This way, chances of gloves slipping off from hands will be minimized. Secondly, housekeeping staff should choose a form of gloves that can allow them to fit their five fingers comfortably hence increasing their quality of grip on various housekeeping items. In addition, the quality of gloves chosen should be capable of handling various chemicals and equipments used in housekeeping activities. For example, more tough gloves are required to handle washroom cleaning equipments and soaps as opposed to the lighter grade used in washing kitchen utensils. There are several companies that sale gloves in Russia that sale different types of gloves used in housekeeping activities. To start with, Dupont Protective Apparel is one of the famous companies that specialize in protective clothing to various industries. Another company that distributes gloves in Russia is the Magid Glove & Safety, which is the largest manufacturer and distributor of gloves. Other companies that distribute gloves in Russia include

Development of Anna Fitzgerald Character Essay Example for Free

Development of Anna Fitzgerald Character Essay Adolescence development relies upon many factors. In order to accurately examine its growth, it is useful to look at some developmental theories. Anna Fitzgerald is thirteen years old; however, she is not like any other teenager with some ordinary problems. Anna was born for a specific purpose she was born to save her sister’s life and to serve as a matched tissue donor. When Anna was born, her umbilical cord was collected and since then she was constantly donating blood, stem cells or bone marrow. That resulted in her undergoing more serious and risky procedures. But when she reaches the age 13, she is being told to donate one of her kidneys. Aware of the fact that she was conceived to be a perfect match and ongoing donor for her sister, she wants to have the chance of living her own life. This is when Anna decides to hire a lawyer and to sue her parents to be â€Å"medically emancipated† from her family. Because she loves her sister unconditionally, Anna struggles with her decision. Developmental theories of Piaget, Ericson, Marcia and Freud are very useful, in order to examine the development of Anna Fitzgerald, the character from â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper†. Nature vs. nurture is the first theory that can be applied to Anna’s life. Nature refers to the human biological inheritance and nurture to the environmental experience (Santrock, MacKenzie-Rivers, Malcomson Leung, 2011). Since she was born for a specific purpose, her parents had already planned her future. To some point of her life, Anna felt it was normal to be a donor and to be in the hospital three to four days a week. Whenever her sister had an emergency, Anna had to be present. The environment Anna lives in is unusual for a teenager. Anna thinks of herself as a total freak. As it is common for teenagers to complain about her look, she states that God must have had some sort of a moody day on her birthday. She sees a big picture of her household. She knows that the environment which she was born in, did not allow her to be a kid. She had to mature fast and act as an adult. It is clear that Anna is going through identity crisis of moratorium. Moratorium stage according to James Marcia is defined by individual exploring different possibilities, yet not being ready to make a commitment to one. In Anna’s case she had plenty of ideas who she would like to be. When asked by her lawyer, where she sees herself in ten years period, she responds: â€Å"There was a time when, like Kate, I’d wanted to be a ballerina. But since then I’ve gone through a thousand different stages: I wanted to be an astronaut. I wanted to be a paleontologist. I wanted to be a backup singer for Aretha Franklin, a member of the Cabinet, a Yellowstone National Park ranger. Now, based on the day, I sometimes want to be a microsurgeon, a poet, a ghost hunter† (Picoult, 2004, p. 412). What strikes the most in her young, yet mature personality is that in ten years period, she would like to be Kate’s sister. Based on Piaget operational stage theory, Anna is clearly capable of using abstract thought. Abstract thought is an adolescence possibility to think outside of the box and see likely outcomes and consequences. Anna knew exactly that by starting the lawsuit, she has a chance of wining the right to decide for her own. Deep inside her, she still wants to help her sister, but knowing the fact that she cannot make her own decisions, made her to go to the extreme and sue her own parents. She is aware of the fact that her decision may have a huge impact on her sister’s life. Perhaps, she will die; however, she is looking at the long term goal. How is the transplant going to affect her life? Is she going to be able to function normally? What if something goes wrong? All this questions were building up inside of her head and did not want to stop. This process of thoughts indicated her ability to think logically by looking at cons and pros of her situation. Based on Ericson psychosocial developmental theory, Anna is going through identity vs. role confusion stage. She is confused of her role in the family. Often reflecting of who she is, and what is the purpose of her life, besides being a perfect match for her sick sister. Anna once said: â€Å"I used to pretend that I was just passing through this family on my way to my real one† (Picoult, 2004, p. 49). This shows how confused she is in terms of her life. Furthermore, this identity confusion grows into her even more upon receiving a long awaited letter of acceptance, into a two weeks hockey summer camp. She is not allowed to go because of her sister’s condition. There is a big chance of Kate going into some health crisis while Anna is gone. It is a difficult time for a thirteen year old girl who is full of energy and is not being able to be just an ordinary adolescence. One can also relate Freud’s theory of development to Anna. The id is one of the structures of human personality. It operates on principles of pleasure and immediate satisfaction regardless of societal rules or other surrounding context (Santrock, MacKenzie-Rivers, Malcomson Leung, 2011). Anna’s id arises from her frustration to all medical treatments which are done in order to save her older sister, Kate. Frustration is added by her mother who pushes her to donate the kidney for Kate. Yet, from the start of the novel Anna knows the reality which she refuses to face, as result of her inner id: â€Å"On other hand, I was born for specific purpose†¦ I was born because a scientist managed to hook up my mother’s eggs and my father’s sperm to create a specific combination of precious genetic material†¦ specifically, because I could save my sister, Kateâ€Å"(Picoult, 2004, p. 7-8). This inner id, pushes her to rebel against her parents wishes, and results in Anna seeing a lawyer to help her end the suffering and release her from the heavy responsibility towards her sister. This unconscious part of her personality resurfaced, in her reply to the lawyer, when she says: â€Å"Because, she says simply, it never stops† (Picoult, 2004, p. 22). Some may find this very selfish, with total neglect for her sister’s future well being. It results in confrontation with her mother, who tries to make her realize â€Å"You went to a lawyer and made him think is all about you – and it’s not. It’s about us. All of us –â€Å"(Picoult, 2004, p. 54). Thus, her id rises up and does not care if it destroys other people – parents, brother and her sister. In Anna’s case her id prevails over ego. The ego is supposed to negotiate a compromise between her id, current reality and constraints. Anna feels some guilt, as her ego makes her think over and ask herself about her decision regarding kidney. â€Å"I started thinking about this. Would I have to be in the hospital? Would it hurt? Could people live with just one kidney? What if I wound up with kidney failure when I was, like, seventy? Where would I get my spare?†(Picoult, 2004, p.377). Anna’s superego, is supposed to be her moral guide, conscience to do the right thing. It rises up, specifically, when Anna looks at Kate who is becoming weaker and sicker than before and worries about her future and a possibility of her dying. â€Å"What do you think is the best way to die? I don’t want to talk about this, I said. Why? I’m dying. You’re dying. When I frowned, she said, Well, you are. The she grinned. I just happen to be more gifted at it than y ou are†¦ †¦You know, normal people don’t sit around thinking about dying. Liar. Everyone thinks about dying. Everyone thinks about you dying I said. The room went so still†¦ Then a twitchy smile crossed her face. Well, Kate said, at least now you’re telling the truth† (Picoult, 2004, p. 134-135). From this quote it is clear than Anna has difficulty hearing things from Kate, and that her superego is present and possibly regretting the lawsuit action. Perhaps, this is what prompted Anna, to write in her diary that in case of her death, she wants all of her organs to be donated to Kate. In the end, Anna has a car accident and dies, the lawyer who has won the case and got power of attorney, decides to honor Anna’s last wishes: â€Å"I have power of attorney for Anna, he explains, not her parents. And there is a girl upstairs who needs the kidney† (Picoult, 2004, p. 416). Anna’s life ends up tragically. One can assume that she fulfilled her purpos e in her short life, she saved her sister. Since Anna was born, she was a regular donor to her sister. One can observe it as continuity vs. discontinuity development. â€Å"The first time I gave something to my sister, it was a cord blood, and I was a newborn†¦ The next time she relapsed, I was five and I had lymphocytes drawn from me, three times over, because the doctors never seemed to get enough of them the first time around. When that stopped working, they took bone marrow for a transplant. When Kate got infections, I had to donate granulocytes. When she relapsed again, I had to donate peripheral stem cells† (Picoult, 2004, p. 21). One can explain continuity as a process involving a gradual accumulation of behavior or knowledge. Anna, throughout her short life was exposed to medical procedure, terms and responsibilities from the moment of her birth. She was growing up among those circumstances and she never got a chance to be a kid. She had to mature faster. Even her vocabulary was unusual for a thirteen years old girl. In his mind, her lawyer thought â€Å"This girl’s medical vocabulary would put some of my paid experts to shame† (Picoult, 2004, p. 21). Discontinuity is defined as a passing through life stages in a qualitative way. Since Anna’s character is presented just as she is thirteen years old, one can assume that for her to be able to think abstractly, indeed she was at concrete thinking stage in her earlier age. Anna would go through many different stages, perhaps having her case won; she would still donate her kidney. Anna’s life ends abruptly in a car accident. The logical sequence of life is death but to Anna it was way too early. In conclusion, Piaget, Ericson, Marcia and Freud theories were helpful to examine Anna development by using the appropriate key issues. Based on their theories, it is clear to observe Anna’s life and struggles that she is going through. The young age was not an obstacle to deal with some serious adult problems to which Anna was exposed to from an early age. Throughout the story she has dilemmas concerning her sister’s life. By combining the work of these theorists, it was possible to analyze her life from psychological perspective. References Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Intro To Developmental Psychology. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Theories of Development. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Keenan, T. (2011). Developmental psychology lecture. Adolescence. Niagara Collage. Welland, Ontario, Canada Picoult, J. (2004). My sisters keeper. New York, NY: Atria Books. Santrock, J. W., MacKenzie-Rivers, A., Malcomson, T., Leung, K. H. (2011). Life-span development. (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd.

Profile of a Substance Abuse Counselor Essay -- career choices, opportu

Introduction A career path which I am considering for my future is that of a substance abuse counselor. Substance abuse counselors provide assistance and therapy to clients wishing to stop their use and abuse of alcohol and drugs. I am considering this field because of my personal experience with substance abuse and a desire to help others towards recovery, as well. In order to further understand this occupation, an acquaintance who works in the field and who possesses a similar background agreed to meet with me to discuss her career. Interview Summary I met with Christine, an acquaintance I know through members of a twelve step program. We met for about 20 minutes over coffee. As we spoke, I asked the questions that I prepared, omitting some and adding others based on the responses given. The list of questions in reproduced in the last section of this work. Christine works at an inpatient drug and alcohol rehabilitation center in New Jersey, the specifics of which have been intentionally omitted. Her interest in the field is identical to mine; she has a personal history of substance abuse. After obtaining sobriety, she wished to help others with her experience. This similarity is the primary reason I wanted to discuss this topic with her. Christine’s current position requires a bachelor’s degree in a health related field, although she noted other counselors at her place of employment have master’s degrees. She is a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC) in the State of New Jersey. Certification involved verifying education and experience, completing an exam, and paying a fee. Christine is also a member of the National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors (NAADAC). Membership in this organizat... ... What do you do in group therapy? # 13.) What do you do in family therapy? # 14.) What does your job entail besides counseling? 15.) What is the best part about your job? 16.) What is the worst part about your job? 17.) What kind of money do you earn? * 18.) What are the benefits of your job? * 19.) Do you think the best substance abuse counselors are recovering addicts themselves? Why or why not? 20.) What have you learned from working in the field? â€Æ' References Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014). Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/substance-abuse-and-behavioral-disorder-counselors.htm Kuther, T. L., & Morgan, R. D. (2013). Careers in psychology: opportunities in a changing world. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning/Wadsworth. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning/Wadsworth.

How to get DNA from Banana Extraction Essay

I. Introduction DNA is found in all living cells. A polymer looks like a ladder that has been twisted in a helical form. . The sides of the ladder are acknowledged as the backbone of the DNA helix, and are involve of replicating sugar and phosphate units. DNA has a very important responsibility in the cell, as it encodes for all cellular proteins. s. The proteins expressed in a cell classify the distinctiveness of the cell, and organisms are compilation of several cells. Many of our physical characteristics are ascertained by the progression of our DNA. Banana is the general name for herbaceous vegetation of the genus Musa and for the fruit they produce. It is one of the oldest farmed plants. They are inhabitant to tropical South and Southeast Asia. Banana is also used to depict Enset and Fe’i bananas, neither of which fit in to the abovementioned class. Enset bananas belong to the genus Ensete while the nomenclature of Fe’i-type cultivars is vague. Removing DNA from a banana may sound like a complicated task, but it is not very difficult at all. The procedure involves a few common steps which include mashing, filtration, precipitation, and extraction. Squashing exposes a better surface area from which to extract the DNA. Substances are also added that will facilitate break-down cell membranes to discharge the DNA. The filtration step allows for the compilation of the DNA and other cellular substances. The precipitation step allows the DNA to break up from other cellular substances. At last, the DNA is detached from the solution. The DNA will be able to be seen at this stage because huge aggregates will have formed. Abstract: The lengthy, fat fibers of DNA store up the information for the working of the chemistry of life. DNA is present in every cell of plants and animals. The DNA establish in banana cells can be extracted using ordinary, daily materials. We will use an extraction buffer including salt, to split up protein chains that attach around the nucleic acids and detergent to liquefy the lipid (fat) fraction of the banana cell wall and nuclear membrane. This extraction buffer will facilitate and provide us entrance to the DNA within the cells. Rationale: Students will monitor first hand that DNA is in the food they consume. Students will study the simple technique of extracting DNA and each step is essential. To learn how chemical substances can split up the cell structures adjacent to DNA. To see how DNA looks like in food. To learn and see the physical structure of DNA through the naked eye. Statement of the Problem: Is the process of human DNA extractions similar from the banana DNA extractions? Hypothesis: If the process of extracting the DNA of human will be similar to extracting the DNA of banana then both of the proteins will isolate because in extracting DNAs of different kinds of cells (plants or animals), purification is the first step in the study and handling of DNA that allow scientists to see the genetic syndrome or pattern of chain ladders in each kind of cells. Although, plants and animals have different structure of cells but both create DNA in nucleus. Scope and Limitations: The scope for this lab is that DNA has critical part of each living thing, giving every cell its individual uniqueness, yet it is simply extracting from a cell. It would be appealing to watch this experiment open out in a laboratory with tools strong enough to observe this procedure and to see the individual strands of DNA. In addition, DNA might have been hard to understand but it’s amazing how this lab can see a lengthy DNA strands coiled. Lastly, it covers the aspect of the cells in nucleus and how the information of the DNA is kept deeper in human’s body, animal’s body, plants even in long or short period of time. DNA is a real secret hiding from every tiny cell in our body and surroundings. Lastly, we used the fruits to extraction because it’s a polyploidy. The limitation of this lab is that the limit of comparing the DNA of an animal cells such as meat and plant cell because there will be an expensive material’s going to be use in extracting animal cells, mainly spinach, broccoli, chicken liver, peas. What I did froe experiment is to compare through internet. The limitation would also be the temperature for isopropyl alcohol. The isopropyl alcohol must be kept cool at most time. Lastly, the precipitated DNA can cause poor outcome because of splitting up the DNA strands. Terminology: Chromosome- A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid; a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. Filtration-The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from solidify particles floating in it. Precipitation- the condensation of a solid from a solution during a chemical reaction Polyploid- more than two copies of chromosomes in cell, meaning lots of DNA II. Related Literature Foreign: â€Å"Genetic genealogy is DNA testing that’s done specifically for the purpose of learning about one’s heritage.† by Megan Smolenyak â€Å"DNA is the blueprint for life, and now it can serve as a computer to monitor life’s processes.† by Rebecca Boyle â€Å"The structure of double-stranded DNA is universal in all living cells, but differences occur in the methods for extracting genomic DNA from animal and plant cells† by Keiron Audain Local: â€Å"we describe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in 423 Philippine samples and analyze them in the context of the genetic diversity of other Southeast Asian populations.† by Kristina Tabbada DNA barcoding can differentiate between closely related species that are hard to tell apart, especially large fishes that are difficult to bring back from the field. It can identify products like fish fillets so you know if the grouper you ordered in a restaurant is really a grouper by DR. mudjekeewis D. Santos Sa House Bill 2586 ni Western Samar 1st District Rep. Mel Senen Sarmiento, nakakalungkot umanong isipin na hindi nabibigyang pagkakataon ang mga anak sa labas na kilalanin ang kanilang mga tunay na magulang noong buhay pa ang mga ito kaya’t ang pagsama ng DNA testing ay makakasiguro sa implementasyon ng Family Code of the Philippines bilang bentahe sa paggamit ng makabagong teknolohiya. by GEMMA GARCIA III. Methodology: 1. Get all the materials. 2. Cut the banana in smaller pieces. Put the entire banana in the Ziploc bag. Seal them tightly. 3. Mash them for 2 minutes. 4. In a plastic cup, mix the 1 tsp. of dish soap, 2 pinch of salt and 4 tsp of water. Stir thoroughly until the dish soap is dissolve in water. 5. Add the mixed solution to the mashed banana. 6. Next, make a well with the coffee filter and place it on a cup. Do not let the filter touch the bottom of the cup. 7. Pour the liquid mixture to the filter paper and filter it for 3-5 minutes. 8. In a test tube, fill the narrow tube with a super cold isopropyl alcohol. 9. Add the 2 tsp. of filtered banana mixture slowly, to have two layers of liquid. 10. Let the tube disturb up to 2-3 minutes. 11. There will be a precipitate DNA forming at the tube. 12. To get the DNA, use bbq skewer and twirl it. 13. Place with capped tube filled with alcohol. 14. Clean up all the materials IV. Data and Analysis: DNA accumulated in Banana. The finish product looks like: Chemical| Functions| Dish soap| Dispersing the lipid membranes | Salt| Eradicate the linked proteins| Isopropyl Alcohol| Precipitate the DNA| Analysis: When mashing up the banana in the Ziploc, it helps the cell wall, nuclear membranes and cellular to break down. The extraction buffer helps to discharge DNA from the nearby cell components of the mashed banana. The filter makes easier to liquefy and removes bigger particles from the solution and extracting smaller cell components such as the proteins of the banana. When the filtrate alcohol is added, the DNA precipitated out of the solution. The DNA looks like a white, cloudy or fine stringy substance. DNA is not visible as a single strand to the naked eye, however, if there’ are thousand of DNA strands present; we will be able to see the large group of DNA threads. Also, DNA is present in all living things in a long or short period, even dead animals or human’s centuries ago. That’s why DNA helps many scientists or doctors to identify genetics of each person and/or lineage. Even different kind of cells has DNA, animals or plants, because DNA is saved inside the nucleus. Also, the process of getting meat and fruits are the same because the experiment is to extract and purify the cell components and leave out all the unneeded substance to do the process. That’s why we used filter and dish soap. V. Conclusion/ Recommendation I therefore conclude that the process of extracting meat and fruits are the same because it has cell components and have same parts. The DNA of all kinds of cells is hidden in nucleus where they bring out the genes of each class and family of an organism. Even the person is dead or mummies can be extracted by DNA because there’s a cell living inside us. In doing this experiment, splitting up the cell wall, nuclear membrane and plasma membrane is important. So does in the meat extractions, because this three cell components is present with plant and animal cell. In the lab, DNA extractions collected the sample cells. Second, breaking open the cells to get rid of the lipid membranes. Then, after DNA is free from the cell, it precipitated the DNA as of the solution. Adding salt to the solution triggers the cellular debris and unnecessary proteins in the solution to cluster together. Finally, the isopropyl alcohol is added and assorted into the solution. Since the DNA is not soluble in the alcohol, it will precipitate and become perceptible to the naked eye and simply tested. Reference: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/extraction/howto/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_extraction https://www.migeneticsconnection.org/genomics/genetic%20variation/DNAExtractionBanana.htm http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/DNA_extractions.php